Fuel economizer and smoke consumer



July so, 1929.. A; J, HAMMQ 7 3,722,700

FUEL ECONOMIZER AND SMOKE CONSUMER Filed Jan. 6, 1928 Patented July 30, 1929.

UNITED STATES PTE r FEKCE.

ANTHONY J. HAMMER, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOB TO WILLIAM J. PREISS AND WILLIAM H. PREISS, BOTH OF ST. LOUIS, 1VIISSOUBI.

FUEL ECONOMIZER AND SMOKE CONSUMER.

Application filed January 6, 1928.

This invention relates generally to fuel economizers and smoke consumers, and particularly to a simple device of the type mentioned which is adapted for convenient at 5 tachment to a wall of the combustion chamber of a furnace or similar heat-producing element in such manner that said device will project into said combustion chamber, the predominant object of the invention being to produce means adapted to cause a circulation of air within the combustion chamber of a furnace, whereby combustion of the combustible materials carried with the gases rising from the bed of burning fuel in the furnace may be effected.

Another important object of the invention is to produce a device of this type which is so constructed and arranged that air passing therethrough from the exterior of the furnace will be pre-heated and thus prepared so that it will readily commingle with the combustible gases within the furnace in a manner to effect combustion of said gases. Also, the

passing through the device of relatively'cool air from the exterior of the furnace has a cooling effect on same and in this manner prevents overheating of the device, whereby the damage which would result from such overheating is avoided.

Figure 1 is a fragmentary vertical section of a standard furnace having 'my improved fuel economizer and smoke consumer associated therewith;

Figure 2 is an elevation of the device look-' ing toward the inlet end thereof;

Fig. 1;

Figure 4 1s an elevation of'the device looking toward the discharge end vthereof.

In the drawing, which illustrates one embodiment merely of my invention, A designates a furnace of standard construction which is provided with a suitable grate B' above which is located the combustion chamber C of the furnace wherein combustion of the fuel takes place. The wall of the furnace A is provided with the usual opening arranged to receive a door frame D, and mounted hingedly or in any other suitable manner' to said door frame is a standard furnace door E, said door, as is usually the case, being provided with an opening F for the ingress of air, which opening is ordinarily closed by an air-door or damper arranged so that it is ca-" Serial No. 244,794.

tities of air into the combustion chamber of the furnace. The air-door. or damper referred to is not shown in the drawing, inasmuch as its construction, arrangement and operation are Well known.

Secured to the furnace door E at the inner face thereof is arectangular box-like member 1 which is closed at all of its faces with the exception of one, said member 1 being fixed to the door E by means of bolts or other suitable fastening devices 2 which pass through openings in a wall of said member and in the furnace door E (Fig, 1). The member 1 is se-.

' cured to the door E in such manner that the mote from the inner face of'the door E is pro-, vided with an opening 3 which is preferably,

though not necessarily, of smaller dimensions than the opening F in the furnace door.

5 designates an air chamber which is provided with a pair of oppositely disposed ears 6 at one end thereof, which ears serve to permit of said chamber being secured in place,

- the end of the chamber 5 at which the ears 6 are located being arranged in contact with the wall 1 of the member 1, and bolts or other fastening devices 7 being extended through apertures in the ears 6 and in said wall 1 to effect the'attachment of the chamber 5vto the i i member 1. The air chamber 5 in cross-section F1 gure 3 1s a vertical section on l1ne 3-3 of the opposite ends thereof is a vertically dism0 posed, and preferably integrally formed, wall 8, the presence of whichihas the effect of dividing the space within the chamber and adjacent to said wall so that openings 9 and 10 1 are produced at the opposite sides of the wall 8. The lower endsof the openings 9 and 10 are relatively close together and the wall 8.

which separates said openings is of such shape that said openings are flared outward lv from each other as they are extended upwardly. Likewise, the width of said open and at the end=which is within the combustion chamber of the furnace iscurveddownwardly slightly, as indicated at the pointrdesignatedby the reference characterll in Fig. 1. The purpose of thisarrangementisto .provide an: overhanging lip which is soshaped that; air; passing through the chamber: 5.-willbe deflected downwardly thereby, and thus directed. toward the bed of burning fuel inv the-furnace. By referring to Fig. 1 of the drawing, it will'be noted that the discharge endof. the chamber 5 iscurved downwardlyande rearwardly toward the furnace door from the outer edge of the overhanging lip. This arrangement permitsof alr-wlnch passes through the chamber 5-dropp1ngdown immediately-as it leaves the discharge endof said chamber, as indicatedby the arrows in Fig; 1'.

Inthe use of a furnace provided with my improved fuel economizer and smoke consumer, air passing through the chamber 5 will-ibe pre-heated and will enter the'combus" tion chamber C of the furnace inthe manner indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1, the overhanging lip 11 and the fact that the discharge opening'of said chamber is curved down wardly and rearwardly from the upperend of the chamber toward'the door of the'furnace, causing said air to be deflected downwardly toward the bedof burning fueL. The incoming air will drive the gases rising from the burning fuel, which gases include unburned carbonaceous materials as elements thereof, toward the hotter portion of the bed of-burning fuel, namely, thatportionthereof: adjacent to the wall of the furnace remote from the furnace door, and as thisincomingair adds the neededoxygen inia heated; condition to the gases, combustion of' the coma-v bustible materials carried with said gases will? be readily eflectedl It will be apparent, therefore, that-:inthe use of my improved device, combustion-ofgases within the combustion, chamber of a furnace is efiectedbecause, first, oxygen in aheated-condition and in suflicient quantity, tozsupport' combustion is added-to the gases;

and, second, because the gasesare driven by theincoming air to a point where they: are

located immediately above the part of 'the bed? of burning r fuel which is ordinarily. the hottest portion thereof, where combustionof the combustible materials included as partsof'saidgases may readily take place.

Theburning of the combustible materials The opening 3' carried by the gases as described increases the heating efficiency of the furnace and at the same time reduces the amount of unburned material passing from the combustion cham her through the flue ofvthe furnace, whereby fuel is economized' and the amount of smoke is-reduced; 4

In view of the fact that the openings 9 and 10 are flared outwardly with respect to each other as they are extended upwardly from their lower ends,the airpassing through said openings is spread over the entire com-- bustion chamber of the furnace, thus supplying oxygento all of the gases rising from thebed-of'burning fuel. Also, due to the fact that relatively coolair is passed throughthe device from the exterior of the furnace, the device is maintained at a temperature below that at which deterioration thereof would take place, whereby losses caused by over-'- heatingof the device are avoided.

1. A device of the class described comprising a chamber of approximately triangular cross-sectional shape and adapted to be cons nected with a wall of a furnacehavingan opening formed therethrough to provide communication with air exterior of the furnace, said chamberhaving an opening formed. therein from end to end thereof of approxi-- mately the's'ame cross-sectional'shape as the chamber, and said'opening being adapted for arrangement incoincidence with the opening in said furnace wall. and a vertically dis-- posed wall arranged within the opening formed'through said chamber approximately centrally thereof in a transverse direction and extended longitudinally of: said opening,

said wall being extended; from top to bottonr of" said opening and dividing the portion of the opening within the chamber adjacent to: same intoa pairof separate openings spaced" apart from each other in a horizontal plane,-

and the-last mentioned openings being flared outwardly with respect to each other at their;

furnace-,said chamber having an opening.

formed thereinfrom end to end thereof of approximately thesame cross-sectional shape as the chamber, and said. opening being adapted for arrangement in coincidence" with the opening insaid: furnace wall, avertically; disposed wall: arranged within'the opening formed through said chamber approximately centrally thereof in a transverse direction and extended longitudinally of said opening, said wall dividing the portion of: the'opening'formed through the chamber adjacentto sameinto apair of; openings spaced apart from each other in a horizontal plane, and the last mentioned openings being flared outwardly with respect to each other at their upper portions, and an overhanging wall portion at the upper portion of-the discharge end of said chamber for deflecting air passing therefrom in a downward direction.

3. A device of the class described comprising a chamber of approximately triangular cross-sectional shape and adapted to be connected with a wall of a furnace having an opening formed therethrough to provide communication with the air exterior of the furnace, said chamber having an opening formed therein from end to end thereof of approximately the same cross-sectional shape as the chamber and adapted for arrangement in coincidence with the opening in said furnace wall, a vertically disposed wall arranged within the opening formed through said chamber approximately cen-.

said wall dividing the portion of the opening formed through the chamber adjacent to same into a pair of openings spaced apart from each other in a horizontal plane, and the last mentioned openings being flared outwardly with respect to each other at their upper portions, and an overhanging wall portion at the upper portion of the discharge end of said chamber for deflecting air passing therefrom in a downward direction, said discharge end of said chamber being curved downwardly and rearwardly to permit air passing from the chamber to move downwardly immediately on discharge therefrom.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

ANTHONY J. HAMMER. 

